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ADInstruments
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POWERLAB INC
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Journal: PLOS One
Article Title: Early administration of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors improves survival and cardiac remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0339600
Figure Lengend Snippet: The decrease in NO levels in vivo following the ingestion of HFD and L-NAME decreased the activity of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. cGMP-activated PKG has hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects; therefore, decreased activity of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway may lead to inflammation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis, leading to the development of HFpEF. Furthermore, the decrease in NO levels in vivo converts Ang I to Ang II; hence, a decrease in NO activates RAS. Ang II increased by RAS activity increases TGF-β expression, which consequently activates the MAPK signaling pathway, leading to fibroblast proliferation, ECM overdeposition, and fibrosis. Ang II also activates the PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, which may trigger inflammation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis, leading to HFpEF development. Early administration of the RAS inhibitors Cap and Sac/Val may suppress downstream signaling by inhibiting RAS, thereby reducing inflammation and fibrosis and preventing the onset of HFpEF. NO: nitric oxide; HFD: high-fat diet; L-NAME: NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; PKG: protein kinase G; Ang I: angiotensin I; Ang II: angiotensin II; RAS: renin-angiotensin system; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ECM: extracellular matrix; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; Akt: serine/threonine protein kinase; JAK: janus kinase; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription.
Article Snippet: The cannula was then connected to a
Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions